Visualisation library
Find the right chart. Each card shows the chart; open it for when to use it and how to read it.
234charts and diagrams
9kinds of question
- Horizontal bar chartWhich categories have the largest values?Company example with sources
- Vertical column chartHow do amounts compare across categories or periods?Company example with sources
- Grouped / clustered bar chartHow do series compare within each category?Company example with sources
- Grouped / clustered column chartHow do several series compare in each period?
- Diverging bar chartWhich values lie above or below the reference?
- Lollipop chartWhich items are larger without heavy bars?
- Cleveland dot plot (category comparison)How do category values or series positions compare?
- Dumbbell chart / connected dot plotHow much did each item change between two measurements?
- Slope chartWhich categories changed most between positions?Company example with sources
- Bump chart (rank changes)How did the ranking change?
- Ribbon chart (rank changes)How do rank and category size change together?
- Pareto chartWhich few categories account for most of the total?
- Ranked bar chartWho ranks first and by how much?
- Bar chart raceWho leads at each time and when do leaders change?
- Parallel coordinates plotHow do many numeric profiles differ?
- Radar / spider chartHow do performance profiles compare across criteria?
- Andrews curvesWhich multivariate profiles resemble each other?
- Chernoff facesWhich records have visually different profiles?
- Glyph plotHow do records differ across several encoded features?
- Pictogram / isotype chartHow many units does each group represent?
- Packed bubble chartWhich items have the greatest magnitude?
- Proportional-area chartHow large are quantities relative to each other?
- Floating bar / range bar chartWhat interval does each item span?
- Deviation bar chartWhich items miss or exceed a benchmark?
- Butterfly chart (opposing categories)How do two groups compare across shared categories?
- Single-value / big-number cardWhat is the headline value?
- Forest plotHow do effect estimates and their uncertainty compare?
- Regression coefficient plotWhich model coefficients differ and how uncertain are they?
- Main-effects plotHow does response differ across each factor's levels?
- TableExact values in rows and columns.
- Word cloudWords sized by how often they appear.
- Small multiplesA grid of small charts with the same scale, one per group.
- Matrix visualA table grouped by rows and columns with subtotals.
- Dual axis chartTwo measures on different scales. Use sparingly; it invites false comparisons.
- Highlight tableA table where cell colour carries the pattern.
- Line chartHow does the value change over time?Company example with sources
- Multiple-line chartHow do series trends differ?
- Step / staircase chartWhen does a held value change?
- Smoothed line chartWhat broad pattern does the smoothed path suggest?
- Area chartHow large is the value across time?Company example with sources
- Horizon chartWhere are large excursions in a compact time series?
- SparklineIs the recent trend rising, falling or stable?Company example with sources
- Indexed / rebased line chartWhich series grew faster relative to its starting point?
- Cumulative line chartHow much has accumulated so far?
- Run chartDoes the process show sustained patterns over time?
- Seasonal subseries plotDoes the same season behave differently across cycles?
- Cycle plotWhat recurring seasonal pattern persists across years?
- Calendar heatmapWhich calendar dates have unusually high or low values?
- Spiral time-series chartDo patterns recur at the same point in each cycle?
- Time-series chart with event annotationsWhat happened around a notable event?
- Candlestick chartHow did price move within each period?
- Open-high-low-close chart (OHLC)What were the opening, closing and extreme values?
- High-low-close chart (HLC)Where did the period close within its range?
- Price chart with volume panelHow do price changes coincide with trading activity?
- Autocorrelation plot (ACF)How strongly does a series resemble its earlier values?
- Partial autocorrelation plot (PACF)Which lag relationships remain after shorter lags are accounted for?
- Cohort heatmapRetention by cohort and period, the standard view for subscription businesses.
- Retention curveWhat share of a cohort is still active after each period.
- Stacked bar chartWhat makes up each category total?Company example with sources
- Stacked column chartHow do total and composition change by period?
- 100% stacked bar chartHow do category shares differ?Company example with sources
- 100% stacked column chartHow does composition change over time?
- Diverging stacked bar chartHow do positive and negative responses balance?
- Stacked area chartHow do components contribute to a changing total?
- 100% stacked area chartHow do shares evolve independently of totals?
- StreamgraphHow do component volumes swell and shrink?
- Ternary plotHow do three component shares trade off?
- Quaternary / tetrahedral composition plotHow do four-part compositions differ?
- Pie chartHow is a whole divided among a few parts?Company example with sources
- Doughnut / donut chartWhat are the shares of a whole?Company example with sources
- Nested doughnut chartHow do related compositions or hierarchy levels compare?
- Pie-of-pie chartWhat are the small components inside one combined slice?
- Bar-of-pie chartHow is a combined pie slice subdivided?
- Waffle chartHow much of the whole does each category occupy?
- Unit chart / unit gridHow are individual units allocated?
- TreemapWhich hierarchical components occupy the largest share?Company example with sources
- Voronoi treemapHow is size distributed within a hierarchy?
- Sunburst chartHow do branches subdivide a total?
- Icicle chartHow do hierarchical parts relate across levels?
- Circle-packing chartWhat groups contain which items and how large are they?
- Marimekko / mosaic-width stacked chartHow do group size and within-group mix combine?
- Parliament / hemicycle chartHow are seats divided among groups?
- Rose / polar-area chartHow do magnitudes compare around a cycle?
- Radial stacked bar chartHow do components vary across cyclic categories?
- Waterfall / bridge chartHow do additions and deductions explain the ending total?Company example with sources
- Variance waterfall chartWhich components explain a difference between two totals?
- Price-volume-mix contribution chartHow much of a financial change comes from price, volume and mix?
- Organisation chartWho reports to whom?
- Rooted tree diagramWhat belongs under each parent?
- Radial treeHow does a hierarchy branch around its root?
- DendrogramWhich observations merge and at what dissimilarity?
- Circular dendrogramHow does clustering form a circular hierarchy?
- Decomposition treeWhich dimensions explain a large aggregate?
- HistogramWhere do numeric observations concentrate?Company example with sources
- Overlaid histogramsHow do group distributions differ?
- Stacked histogramWhich groups contribute to each value range?
- Mirrored / back-to-back histogramHow do two distributions compare across the same bins?
- Frequency polygonHow does frequency vary across numeric ranges?
- Frequency curveWhat is the broad shape of the frequency distribution?
- Kernel density plotWhere is probability density concentrated?
- Overlaid density plotsHow do group density shapes compare?
- Ridgeline / joy plotHow do distributions change across ordered groups?
- Box-and-whisker plotHow do centre, spread and potential outliers differ?Company example with sources
- Notched box plotHow uncertain is the estimated median?
- Variable-width box plotHow do distribution summaries and group sizes compare?
- Boxen / letter-value plotWhat happens in the distribution tails?
- Violin plotHow does the whole distribution shape differ by group?
- Split violin plotHow do two subgroups differ within each category?
- Raincloud plotWhat do observations, distribution shape and summary show together?
- Strip / jitter plotHow are individual values distributed within groups?
- Beeswarm / swarm plotWhere do observations cluster without hiding duplicates?
- Stacked dotplot (distribution)How often does each value or bin occur?
- Rug plotWhere are individual numeric observations located?
- Stem-and-leaf plotWhat are the values and their distribution?
- Empirical cumulative distribution plot (ECDF)What proportion is at or below a threshold?
- Complementary cumulative distribution plot (CCDF)What proportion exceeds a threshold?
- Two-dimensional histogramWhich combinations of numeric ranges occur most?
- Two-dimensional density contour plotWhere are high-density regions in two dimensions?
- Population pyramidHow do age distributions differ between populations?
- Connected scatterplotHow does the relationship evolve in sequence?
- ScatterplotAre two numeric variables related?Company example with sources
- Bubble chart (XY positions and size)How do three measures vary together?
- Scatterplot with regression lineWhat relationship does the fitted model estimate?
- Scatterplot with smoothing curveDoes the relationship appear nonlinear?
- Scatterplot matrix / pair plotWhich variable pairs show relationships?
- Scatterplot with marginal distributionsHow do the relationship and separate distributions relate?
- Hexbin plotWhere are paired observations concentrated?
- Correlation heatmap / correlogramWhich numeric variables are associated?
- Correlation ellipse plotHow do correlation signs and strengths differ?
- BiplotWhich observations and variables explain the main variation?
- Three-dimensional scatterplotIs there structure across three numeric dimensions?
- Mosaic plot (contingency table)How are categorical variables associated?
- Risk-return scatterplotWhat return accompanies each risk level?
- Chord diagramWhich groups exchange the most?
- Parallel sets plotHow are categories associated across multiple dimensions?
- Node-link network diagramWhich entities are connected?
- Force-directed networkWhat clusters or hubs appear in a network layout?
- Arc diagram (network connections)Which ordered nodes connect across the sequence?
- Network adjacency matrixWhere are connections present or strong?
- Hive plotHow do connections relate to node attributes?
- Ego-network diagramWho is connected to the selected entity?
- Bipartite networkWhich members of one type connect to another?
- Knowledge graphHow are entities related by meaning?
- Interaction plotDoes one factor's effect depend on another?
- HeatmapValues as colour across a grid.
- Combo chartColumns and a line on shared or dual axes.
- Quadrant chartTwo measures split into four boxes, for prioritising.
- Surface chartTwo inputs and one output as a landscape. Rarely the clearest option.
- Key influencersAn automatic view of what most affects a measure.
- Cumulative flow diagramWhere is work accumulating in the workflow?
- Sankey diagramWhere does a quantity flow and how much takes each route?
- Alluvial diagramHow do group memberships change across stages?
- Directed flow networkWhat moves or influences what in which direction?
- Funnel chart (stages and conversion)Where are people or items lost between stages?
- Funnel-area chartHow do stage magnitudes compare as funnel areas?
- Conversion-rate trend chartIs conversion improving over time?
- Fallout diagram (continuation and drop-off)At which prescribed steps do users leave?
- User-path / clickstream diagramWhich paths do users actually follow?
- Journey sequence diagramWhat happens first and who interacts next?
- Origin-destination matrixWhich origins send the most to each destination?
- Transition-probability matrixHow likely is each next state from the current state?
- Markov-state transition diagramHow can a process move between states?
- Process-mining mapWhat process occurs in recorded cases?
- Decision treeWhich rules lead to each outcome?
- Flow / origin-destination mapWhere do flows originate and end?
- Statistical process-control chartDoes the process show evidence of unusual variation?
- FlowchartWhat steps and decisions make up the process?
- Swimlane diagramWho performs each step and where are hand-offs?
- BPMN process diagramHow does the business process operate under BPMN semantics?
- Event timelineWhat happened when?
- Customer journey mapHow does the customer experience the journey?
- Service blueprintHow do visible service and backstage work support the customer?
- Fishbone / Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagramWhat possible causes should be investigated?
- Bullet chartHow does performance compare with a target and ranges?
- Actual-versus-budget combination chartHow does actual performance compare with budget over time?
- Drawdown chartHow far below its earlier peak is the value?
- KPI card with period comparisonHow did the metric change versus the reference?Company example with sources
- KPI card with sparklineWhat is the latest value and recent trend?
- Radial gaugeHow far is a value along a bounded scale?
- Linear gaugeHow does a metric sit within a straight performance scale?
- Progress barHow much of the goal is complete?
- Progress ringWhat fraction of the goal is complete?
- Thermometer chartHow close is the achieved amount to the goal?
- Traffic-light status displayWhich items need attention under the status rules?
- RAG status matrix (red, amber, green)Where are status problems across entities and criteria?
- Target-versus-actual dot plotHow large is the actual-target gap?
- Performance scorecardWhich measures meet their targets?
- Balanced scorecardHow does performance align with strategic perspectives?
- Harvey ball status displayHow do ordinal ratings compare?
- Burndown chartIs remaining work declining as expected?
- Burnup chartHow much work is complete relative to current scope?
- OKR progress displayHow are key results progressing toward objectives?
- Milestone status chartWhich milestones are complete, due or delayed?
- SLA compliance heatmapWhich services meet the agreed SLA?
- Gantt chartWhen are tasks scheduled and how do they overlap?
- Product / programme roadmapWhat initiatives are intended for each planning period?
- PERT / project dependency networkWhich tasks constrain the project schedule?
- Choropleth / filled-region mapWhere are regional values high or low?
- Bivariate choropleth mapWhere do two regional measures coincide?
- Categorical / unique-value mapWhere are different geographic categories located?
- Proportional-symbol / bubble mapWhere are quantities largest at point locations?
- Graduated-symbol mapWhich magnitude class does each location belong to?
- Dot-density mapHow is a counted population distributed within regions?
- Geographic heat / density mapWhere do point events concentrate spatially?
- Clustered-marker mapWhere are many nearby mapped records?
- Hexbin / hexagonal aggregation mapHow do quantities vary across equal grid cells?
- Geographic grid-aggregation mapHow do regular spatial areas compare?
- Contiguous cartogramHow do regional quantities compare after resizing geography?
- Non-contiguous cartogramHow do resized regional quantities compare while retaining shape?
- Dorling cartogramHow do regional totals compare as circles?
- Tile-grid mapHow do regions compare without unequal land areas?
- Route mapWhere does a route go?
- Isochrone / travel-time mapWhat can be reached within a travel-time threshold?
- Contour / isoline mapWhere are surface values equal?
- Hillshade / shaded-relief mapWhat terrain forms are present?
- Three-dimensional extruded mapWhere are values high in a 3D geographic scene?
- Fan chart (forecast uncertainty)What forecast outcomes are plausible and how uncertain are they?
- Quantile-quantile plot (QQ plot)Do two distributions have matching quantiles?
- Probability-probability plot (PP plot)Do cumulative probabilities agree across distributions?
- Tornado chart (sensitivity comparison)Which assumption most changes the outcome?
- Error-bar chartHow uncertain or variable is each estimate?
- Confidence-band chartHow uncertain is an estimated curve?
- Prediction-interval chartWhat range may contain an individual future outcome?
- Funnel plot (meta-analysis)Are smaller or less precise studies distributed asymmetrically?
- Survival / Kaplan-Meier curveWhat fraction remains event-free over time?
- Cumulative hazard plotHow does accumulated hazard change over follow-up?
- ROC curveHow does sensitivity trade off against false alarms?
- Precision-recall curveHow does precision change as recall increases?
- Confusion-matrix heatmapWhich classes are confused with which?
- Calibration / reliability plotDo predicted probabilities match observed event rates?
- Lift chartHow much better is selection than the baseline rate?
- Cumulative gains chartWhat share of positives is captured by selecting more cases?
- Residual-versus-fitted plotDo model errors show a pattern against fitted values?
- Smart narrativeA written summary of a chart, generated automatically.
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